123 lines
4.1 KiB
Plaintext
123 lines
4.1 KiB
Plaintext
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# Was ist Julia? {.unnumbered}
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Julia ist eine noch recht junge für *scientific computing* konzipierte moderne Programmiersprache.
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Ein kleines Codebeispiel:
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```{julia}
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using CairoMakie
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a = [3, 7, 5, 3]
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b = [1, 3, 7, 4]
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δ = π/2
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t = LinRange(-π, π, 300)
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f = Figure(resolution=(800, 180))
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for i in 1:4
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x = sin.( a[i] .* t .+ δ )
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y = sin.( b[i] .* t )
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lines(f[1, i], x, y, aspect=1 )
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end
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f
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```
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## Geschichte {.unnumbered}
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- 2009 Beginn der Entwicklung am *Computer Science and Artificial
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Intelligence Laboratory* des MIT
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- 2012 erste release v0.1
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- 2018 Version v1.0
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- aktuell: v1.8.5 vom 8. Januar 2023
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Zum ersten release 2012 haben die Schöpfer von Julia ihre Ziele und Motivation in dem Blogbeitrag [Why we created Julia](https://julialang.org/blog/2012/02/why-we-created-julia/)
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interessant zusammengefasst.
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Für ein Bild von *Stefan Karpinski, Viral Shah, Jeff
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Bezanson* und *Alan Edelman* bitte hier klicken: <https://news.mit.edu/2018/julia-language-co-creators-win-james-wilkinson-prize-numerical-software-1226>.
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:::{.content-hidden unless-format="xxx"}
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Kurzfassung:
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> We want a language that is
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>
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> - open source
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> - with the speed of C
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> - obvious, familiar mathematical notation like Matlab
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> - as usable for general programming as Python
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> - as easy for statistics as R
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> - as natural for string processing as Perl
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> - as powerful for linear algebra as Matlab
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> - as good at gluing programs together as the shell
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> - dirt simple to learn, yet keeps the most serious hackers happy
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Formale Syntax
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:
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- Algorithmisches Denken
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- Gefühl für die Effizienz und Komplezität von Algorithmen
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- Besonderheiten der Computerarithmetik, insbes. Gleitkommazahlen
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- „Ökosystem“ der Sprache:
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- die Kunst des Debugging.
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:::
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## Warum Julia? {.unnumbered}
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:::{.callout-tip .titlenormal icon=false}
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## aus [The fast track to Julia](https://cheatsheet.juliadocs.org/)
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"Julia is an open-source, multi-platform, high-level, high-performance programming language for technical computing.
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Julia has an LLVM-based JIT compiler that allows it to match the performance of languages such as C and FORTRAN without the hassle of low-level code. Because the code is compiled on the fly you can run (bits of) code in a shell or REPL , which is part of the recommended workflow .
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Julia is dynamically typed, provides multiple dispatch, and is designed for parallelism and distributed computation.
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Julia has a built-in package manager."
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:::
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*open source*
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: - offene Entwicklung auf [GitHub](https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia)
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- Implementierungen für alle gängigen Betriebssysteme
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*high-performance programming language for technical computing*
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: - viele Funktionen für *scientific computing* eingebaut,
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- (bewusste) Ähnlichkeit zu Python, R und Matlab,
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- komplexe Berechnungen in wenigen Zeilen
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- einfaches Interface zu anderen Sprachen wie C oder Python
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*a JIT compiler*
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: - interaktives Arbeiten möglich: `read-eval-print loop (REPL)` mit
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- just-in-time (JIT) Compilation
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- dadurch Laufzeiten vergleichbar mit statischen Sprachen wie C/C++, Fortran oder Rust
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*a built-in package manager*
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: - riesiges *ecosystem* an einfach installierbaren Paketen, z.B.
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- [Mathematische Optimierung](https://jump.dev/)
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- [Machine Learning](https://fluxml.ai/)
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- [Data Visualization](https://docs.makie.org/stable/)
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- [Differentialgleichungen](https://docs.sciml.ai/DiffEqDocs/stable/)
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- [Mathematische Modellierung](https://sciml.ai/)
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## Eine kleine Auswahl an Online-Material zu Julia {.unnumbered}
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- [Dokumentation](https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/) - die offizielle Dokumentation
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- [Cheat Sheet](https://juliadocs.github.io/Julia-Cheat-Sheet/) - "a quick & dirty overview"
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- [Introducing Julia](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introducing_Julia)-- ein WikiBook
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- [The Julia Express](http://bogumilkaminski.pl/files/julia_express.pdf) - Kurzfassung, Julia auf 16 Seiten
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- [Think Julia](https://benlauwens.github.io/ThinkJulia.jl/latest/book.html) - Einführung in die Programmierung mit Julia als Sprache
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- Das [Julia Forum](https://discourse.julialang.org/)
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- Was fürs Auge: [Beispiele zum Julia-Grafikpaket `Makie`](https://beautiful.makie.org/dev/)
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